Lithium-ion batteries power devices like smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high energy density and rechargeability. However, they pose significant fire risks, especially under thermal, mechanical, or electrical stress, which can cause a thermal runaway, leading to fires and toxic fumes.
Why the Concern?
The rapid adoption of EVs and renewable energy storage in India has increased reliance on these batteries. Incidents like Hurricane Helene in the U.S., where saltwater exposure caused EV battery fires, highlight their vulnerability in flood-prone areas—a concern for India’s monsoon-prone regions. In aviation, lithium-ion battery fires are hard to extinguish, requiring specialized protocols and equipment.
Common Applications and Risks
- Consumer Electronics: Explosions in smartphones and laptops due to counterfeit batteries or improper charging.
- Electric Vehicles: Though rare, EV fires caused by overheating or water exposure pose serious risks.
- Renewable Energy Storage: Growing use in solar and wind energy systems requires strict safety measures.
Safety Measures
- Consumer Devices: Use certified batteries and chargers, avoid overcharging.
- EVs: Improve waterproofing and thermal management in batteries, and enforce regular inspections.
- Airports and Transport: Mandate fire-safety equipment and regulate transport protocols like limiting battery charge to 30%.
India’s Preparedness
As India advances in EVs and green energy, addressing lithium-ion battery risks requires:
- Stronger regulations for safe usage and disposal.
- Public awareness to avoid substandard products.
- Research investments in safer alternatives like solid-state batteries.
